Abstract
This article presents information relevant to mental health professionals who work with adult patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the aftermath of natural disasters and who lack specialized training in evidencebased treatments for PTSD. The article presents orientations based on a review of several international guidelines for working with patients with PTSD and the relevant international scientific literature. These guidelines were reviewed by a panel of Chilean experts. The result, which is presented in this article, consists in a series of practical guidelines aimed at psychotherapists who must work with patients with PTSD after natural disasters. Clinical vignettes are presented to exemplify some of these guidelines.
Highlights
This article presents information relevant to mental health professionals who work with adult patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the aftermath of natural disasters and who lack specialized training in evidencebased treatments for PTSD
The article presents orientations based on a review of several international guidelines for working with patients with PTSD and the relevant international scientific literature
The result, which is presented in this article, consists in a series of practical guidelines aimed at psychotherapists who must work with patients with PTSD after natural disasters
Summary
A nivel mundial, la prevalencia del TEPT luego de desastres de origen natural varía de 30 a 40% en las víctimas directas, 10 a 20% entre los voluntarios y rescatistas y entre un 10 a 20% en la población general (Goldman & Galea, 2014). La prevalencia de vida en Chile de TEPT en general es de 4,4% (6,2% en mujeres y 2,5% en hombres; Zlotnick et al, 2006) y esta prevalencia tiende a aumentar tras la ocurrencia de desastres de origen natural. Según el Ministerio de Planificación de Chile (2010; actualmente Ministerio de Desarrollo Social), la prevalencia de sintomatología de TEPT luego del terremoto y tsunami del 2010 fue de 12% en las regiones afectadas, aumentando a 20-25% en las regiones más afectadas por ambos desastres, y siendo mayor en mujeres y en personas de bajos ingresos. Estas cifras son similares a las reportadas por Leiva-Bianchi y Araneda (2013), quienes encontraron una prevalencia de TEPT de 22% en la población de tres de las zonas más afectadas por el terremoto del 2010 en Chile
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