Abstract
Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) strategy shows a great deal of advantages for the fabrication of advanced ceramics. Organosilicon polymers facilitate the shaping process and different silicon-based ceramics with controllable components can be fabricated by modifying organosilicon polymers or adding fillers. It is worth noting that silicate ceramics can also be fabricated from organosilicon polymers by the introduction of active fillers, which could react with the produced silica during pyrolysis. The organosilicon polymer-derived ceramics show many unique properties, which have attracted many attentions in various fields. This review summarizes the typical organosilicon polymers and the processing of organosilicon polymers to fabricate silicon-based ceramics, especially highlights the three-dimensional (3D) printing technique for shaping the organosilicon polymer- derived ceramics, which makes the possibility to fabricate silicon-based ceramics with complex structure. More importantly, the recent studies on fabricating typical non-oxide and silicate ceramics derived from organosilicon polymers and their biomedical applications are highlighted.
Highlights
Silicon-based ceramics including non-oxide ceramics, such as silicon carbide (SiC) [1–3], silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) [4,5], silicon nitride (Si3N4) [6–8], and their derivatives (SiCN, SiAlON, etc.) [9,10] are being utilized in a wide range of applications owing to their heat resistance, chemical stability, excellent mechanical properties or electric properties, etc
Polymer-derived ceramic route to fabricate silicon-based ceramics often suffers from the large shrinkage during a pyrolysis and many cracks occur in the final ceramics
Using 3D printing technique, starting organosilicon polymers are shaped into controllable complex structures, which can be maintained after a pyrolysis process to obtain final ceramics
Summary
Silicon-based ceramics including non-oxide ceramics, such as silicon carbide (SiC) [1–3], silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) [4,5], silicon nitride (Si3N4) [6–8], and their derivatives (SiCN, SiAlON, etc.) [9,10] are being utilized in a wide range of applications owing to their heat resistance, chemical stability, excellent mechanical properties or electric properties, etc. The fabrication of organosilicon polymer-derived silicon-based ceramics involves the cross-linking, pyrolysis, and ceramization www.springer.com/journal/40145. In the early 1970s, Si3N4/SiC ceramic fibers were successfully synthesized from the organosilicon polymers by Fritz and Verbeek et al for the first time [21]. Except for binary silicon-based ceramics (SiC, Si3N4), ternary silicon-based ceramics including SiCN, SiOC as well as silicate ceramics have been derived from the organosilicon polymers [22]. This review summarizes the most commonly used organosilicon polymers for the fabrication of siliconbased ceramics and introduces their different synthesis methods briefly. To fabricate final silicon-based ceramics, shaping, cross-linking, pyrolysis, and ceramization of organosilicon polymers are indispensable processes, so their influences on the final ceramics will be discussed. Different types of organosilicon polymer-derived silicon-based ceramics, including binary, ternary non-oxide silicon-based ceramics as well as silicate ceramics will be reviewed in detail. The biomedical applications of these silicon-based ceramics will be introduced and forecasted
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