Abstract
Herein, we report a portable electrochemical biosensor based on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) immobilized on carbon black (CB)-modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) for the detection of organophosphorous pesticides in olive oil. The BChE/CB-SPE biosensor was developed to detect paraoxon in standard solutions as well as in olive oil samples previously treated with the QuEChERS method to extract pesticides from the whole fatty matrix. The biosensor shows a linear concentration range of between 20 and 100 ppb for paraoxon both in standard solutions (phosphate buffer 0.05 M) and in olive oil extracts, with a detection limit of 6 ppb in olive oil extract, corresponding to 10% of inhibition. The accuracy of this biosensor in olive oil samples was assessed with olive oil spiked with paraoxon, obtaining satisfactory recovery values.
Highlights
Olive oil represents an important agricultural product in terms of well-being and economy in Europe as well as around the world for its nutritional, health, and sensory properties [1]
The development of an electrochemical biosensor based on BChE immobilized on carbon black (CB)-functionalized screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) led to the determination of paraoxon in a complex matrix such as olive oil after a simple QuEChERS extraction, avoiding laborious pre-treatments
Taking into account the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established for pesticides in olive oil at mg/kg levels including organophosphates [3], the proposed sensor can be considered a suitable analytical tool for the analysis of these contaminants in olive oil
Summary
Olive oil represents an important agricultural product in terms of well-being and economy in Europe as well as around the world for its nutritional, health, and sensory properties [1]. Union (EU) is the leading world producer, accounting for 80% and consuming 70% of olive oil. No 1183/2008 of 28 November 2008 amending Regulation (EC) No 1019/2002 on marketing standards for olive oil [2] lays down the standards for labeling, advertising, packaging, and presentation required for marketing in the EU. This regulation provides important safeguards for the consumer and allows the producers to maximize the benefits of selling on the basis of quality.
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