Organometallic Homogeneous Catalysis—Quo vadis?

Abstract

AbstractHomogeneous catalysis is the success story of organometallic chemistry. Otto Roelen's initial discovery of hydroformylation in 1938 not only entailed large‐capacity production plants but was later followed by systematic research into the catalytic chemistry of the ever‐growing class of organometallic compounds. Further developments in industrial chemistry towards clean, low‐temperature, low‐pressure, and economic processes—in feedstock or in the fine chemicals and polymer area—clearly depend on improved catalysts. Molecularly defined, tailor‐made structures are the safest prerequisites for chemical selectivity; hence, organometallic compounds with their overwhelming variety of compositions and structures offer the most promising approach. Wilkinson's catalysts [HRh(CO){P(C6H5)3] and [ClRh{P(C6H5)}3}3] are outstanding examples. On the other hand, process technology has to be considered also (for example catalyst‐product separation and hear‐exchange problems). The following review attempts to critically assess the future trends and present demands in the applied area of orgnometallic catalysis–a “gentle art” that is far from being a mature field.