Organometal Halide Perovskite-Based Materials and Their Applications in Solar Cell Devices

Abstract

Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) based on organometal trihalide materials have gained enormous attention for photovoltaic applications due to its outstanding optical and electronic properties such as high absorption coefficient long carrier diffusion lengths, long carrier mobility and unique defect physics. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs rapidly enhanced from 3.8 to 24% through the advancement made in processing methods, compositional tuning, and interface engineering. The dominant PSCs architecture has been evolved; n–i–p and p–i–n with mesoporous and planar heterojunction. In both configurations, i.e. planar or mesoporous, the perovskite material is sandwiched between electron and hole transporting layers and top electrode. The basic function of charge transporting layers is to improve charge collection efficiency and reduce charge recombination at interfaces. In the following chapter, we present the critical survey of the recent progress in perovskite absorber and charge transporting materials for the exceptionally higher PCE of perovskite devices. Furthermore, numerous fabrication techniques and device architectures are summarized.