Organoids technology: an advanced meditate in tissue engineering and organ development

Abstract

Organoids are in vitro miniaturized and simplified model systems of organs that have attracted a great deal of interest for cell therapy, personalized medicine, drug screening, and the modelling of tissue development and treatment of different illness. Despite significant progress in the cultivation of physiologically appropriate organoids, obstacles still stand in the way of practical applications. Organoid systems are difficult to translate in part because of the significant diversity of self-organizing growth and the limited experimental and analytical access. Since ancient times, efforts have been attempted repeatedly to create replicas of in vivo organs from their tissues or cells. Organoid technology as a whole has only recently begun to systematically develop and has been demonstrated to be crucial in tissue engineering. Induced and retrieved stem cells from a variety of organs have the ability to self-organize to create three dimensional structures that are physically and functionally equivalent to their in vivo counterparts. These organoid models offer a strong foundation for understanding disease modeling, drug candidate screening, and development mechanisms. In this review it has been describe the developments to produce different organoids of tissues as well as their shortcomings and potential applications in tissue engineering.