Abstract
Purpose of ReviewNovel 3D organoid culture techniques have enabled long-term expansion of pancreatic tissue. This review comprehensively summarizes and evaluates the applications of primary tissue–derived pancreatic organoids in regenerative studies, disease modelling, and personalized medicine.Recent FindingsOrganoids derived from human fetal and adult pancreatic tissue have been used to study pancreas development and repair. Generated adult human pancreatic organoids harbor the capacity for clonal expansion and endocrine cell formation. In addition, organoids have been generated from human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in order to study tumor behavior and assess drug responses.SummaryPancreatic organoids constitute an important translational bridge between in vitro and in vivo models, enhancing our understanding of pancreatic cell biology. Current applications for pancreatic organoid technology include studies on tissue regeneration, disease modelling, and drug screening.
Highlights
The pancreas is a mixed endocrine and exocrine gland that plays a pivotal role in digestion and metabolic homeostasis
Pancreas biology has been intensively studied, in an effort to understand pancreas development and function, to obtain insight into pathophysiological processes, to identify disease-associated markers, and to find better treatment options for devastating pancreatic diseases associated with high mortality and health care costs, such as diabetes mellitus, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), pancreatitis, and cystic fibrosis
Organoids derived from the adult human pancreas differ from fetal pancreatic organoids in multiple aspects, such as morphology and endocrine cell formation, most of which are likely to be explained by the apparent absence of a multipotent progenitor in the adult organ or the lack of an optimal culture medium or enrichment strategies
Summary
The pancreas is a mixed endocrine and exocrine gland that plays a pivotal role in digestion and metabolic homeostasis. The use of human fetal tissue in organoid culture is a valuable method to study signalling pathways and conditions necessary for normal pancreas morphogenesis and cell specification. Human pancreatic ducts have been shown to exhibit a capacity for in vitro expansion and formation of 3D hollow structures when cultured in collagen or Matrigel, showing potential as tools for regenerative studies [32].
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