Abstract
The use of animal models in biomedical research has been a long-standing challenge due to their limited ability to accurately depict human physiology and pathology. However, the development of organoids has changed this by allowing the replication of the structure and function of human organs in a controlled laboratory setting. Organoids are 3D cell cultures that possess the key features of specific organs, and contain a population of self-renewing stem cells that can differentiate into various cell types that mimic the organ-specific properties and spatial organization. Organoids can be derived from both adult and pluripotent stem cells [1]. Recent advancements in the field demonstrate that 3D organoids robustly exhibit self-organizing properties in both embryonic and adult mammal stem cells, exhibiting key structures and functional characteristics of organs such as the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and retina. This article provides an overview of recent progress in organoid technology and its impact on advancing basic medicine.
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