Abstract
Organoids are adept at preserving the inherent complexity of a given cellular environment and when integrated with engineered micro-physiological systems (MPS) present distinct advantages for simulating a precisely controlled geometrical, physical, and biochemical micro-environment. This then allows for real-time monitoring of cell-cell interactions. As a result, the two aforementioned technologies hold significant promise and potential in studying ocular physiology and diseases by replicating specific eye tissue microstructures in vitro. This miniaturized review begins with defining the science behind organoids/MPS and subsequently introducing methods for generating organoids and engineering MPS. Furthermore, we will discuss the current state of organoids and MPS models in retina, cornea surrogates, and other ocular tissue, in regards to physiological/disease conditions. Finally, future prospective on organoid/MPS will be covered here. Organoids and MPS technologies closely recapture the in vivo microenvironment and thusly will continue to provide new understandings in organ functions and novel approaches to drug development.
Highlights
Organoid and microphysiological system are two emerging techniques to recapitulate the key organ features
Conventional 3D models, where cells are growing within the extracellular matrix (ECM), fail to reflect critical aspects of human organs, including cell-tissue interface and physical
Successful fabrication of Microphysiological system (MPS) requires two major techniques: microfluidics which precisely control a small amount of fluid to mimic interstitial flow in the organs; and microfabrication which assembles the essential 3D compartments and microchannel networks for organoids/cells to grow
Summary
Organoid and microphysiological system are two emerging techniques to recapitulate the key organ features. Despite that organoids and MPS models in major organs has been developed, such as liver (Wu et al, 2019), heart (Nugraha et al, 2019), brain (Qian et al, 2019), and pathological phenotypes like cancer (Niu et al, 2014; Tu et al, 2014; Bai et al, 2015a; Adriani et al, 2016) and Alzheimer’s disease (Gonzalez et al, 2018), remarkable achievement has been made to study ocular organoids and MPS These techniques are still simplified methods, they have shown the potential to capture key features of basic ocular tissues like cornea, retina, and lens (Figure 1A). We will discuss the methods to generate organoids and MPS in ophthalmic research and focus
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
