Organochlorine contamination in bird's eggs from the Danube Delta

Abstract

In this study we report the levels of organochlorine compounds in eggs of aquatic birds from the Danube Delta, a major European wetland. The eggs were collected in 1997 and belonged to the following species: the mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos), the greylag goose ( Anser anser), the mute swan ( Cygnus olor), the coot ( Fulica atra), the glossy ibis ( Plegadis falcinellus), the spoonbill ( Platalea leucorodia), the little egret ( Egretta garzetta), the night heron ( Nycticorax nycticorax), the grey heron ( Ardea cinerea), the great white egret ( Egretta alba), the red-necked grebe ( Podiceps griseus), the Dalmatian pelican ( Pelecanus crispus), the Pygmy cormorant ( Phalacrocorax pygmaeus) and the common cormorant ( Phalacrocorax carbo). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) levels were higher in eggs of the little egret, the great white egret, the cormorant and the Pygmy cormorant with respect to the other species (48,399, 13,613, 12,400 and 10,417 ng/g dry wt., respectively). Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) levels were lower than 1393 ng/g dry wt. in all species while polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in the Pygmy cormorant (2565 ng/g dry wt.) were higher than in the other species. The toxicity evaluation was based on 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalent factors (TEF) and non- ortho PCB congeners contributed much more than mono- ortho PCBs in most of species. A further aim of this study was to evaluate the possible differences of organochlorine levels in bird eggs collected in the same area in 1982 and in 1997; generally speaking the levels detected in the latter period were lower than those detected in the earlier one.