Organochlorine compounds in adipose tissue of Greenlanders and southern Danes.

Abstract

Abdominal fat tissue samples from the general population of Greenland and from southern Denmark were analyzed for o,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene], p,p,-DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane], o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDD [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane], lindane (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane), aldrin (1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-endo-exo-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene), dieldrin (1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-endo-exo-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene), heptachlor (1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene), heptachlor epoxide, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Fat tissue from Greenlanders contained significantly higher amounts of p,p'-DDE (p less than or equal to 0.05), p,p'-DDT (p less than or equal to 0.01), and total DDT (SIGMA DDT, the sum of DDT and its metabolites) (p less than or equal to 0.01) than southern Danes. Lindane, aldrin-like residue, dieldrin heptachlor-like residue, heptachlor epoxide, and PCBs were present in adipose tissue of both groups and there were no significant differences between the groups. The p,p'-DDE level in Greenland was lower than that in the United States, eastern Europe, and India. Among Greenlanders of different ages the highest sigma DDT was found in the age group of 22-45 yr; the content of PCBs increased with age. Among southern Danes the highest sigma DDT was found in a higher age group than in Greenlanders. Among Greenlanders the content of aldrin-like residue decreased with age and that of dieldrin increased with age. A significant correlation was found (on the basis of wet weight) between p,p'-DDE and PCB content in southern Danes (p less than or equal to 0.02). The correlation between sigma DDT and PCB content was also significant in this population (p less than or equal to 0.01). These two relationships were not significantly correlated for the Greenlanders. The DDE/PCB and sigma DDT/PCB ratios were higher in Greenlanders than in southern Danes. These ratios are age-dependent and are highest in the age group 22-45 yr among the Greenlanders. A low DDE/PCB ratio and a low sigma DDT/PCB ratio have been proposed as markers for industrialization. In Greenlanders p,p'-DDE represented about 70% of sigma DDT. For southern Danes this level was about 90%. The data obtained are presented and discussed on the basis of both lipid and wet weight levels.