Organizational and methodological methods used in formation of the perfect structure of Belarusian population of black-and-white cattle

Abstract

The result of the dairy industry efficiency is a well-arranged genealogical structure of the reared livestock breed, and, consequently, of dairy herds . The paper presents the results of studying the evolution of formation and assessment of the state of genealogical structure of black-and-white cattle population, and its qualitative characteristics . The formation chronology of the Belarusian population of black-and-white cattle is substantiated. It includes three stages: the first – 1930–1980, the second – 1980–1995, the third – 1995 to the present . It is shown that historically creation of Belarusian population of black-and-white cattle is based on use of breeding material of Dutch first of all and then Holstein breeds. It has been determined that during the period of independent state development of the Republic of Belarus (from 1992 to the present), formation of dairy cattle population was performed on a planned basis . Thanks to local selection, 8 plant lines and three related groups bred at the republic’s collective farms were formed in the breed . Plant lines and related groups allow for the systematic use of producing bulls in the marketable livestock due to scientifically substantiated rotation of the lines and increasing the genetic potential of cows dairy performance, and also contribute to the further improvement of the breed using the best world and local genetic resources . It has been determined that the sore issue at present is use of local selection producers of at least 80 % of their total number . Producing bulls of local selection provide not only increase in the productive longevity of the progeny, but also contribute to optimization of genealogical structure of the population . The method of systematic analysis of breeding and genetic parameters made it possible to identify the most informative factors having effect on the economically useful traits display. Reliability of effect of each specific factor on breeding traits display is determined. The research results allow to substantiate the concept of formation of dairy cattle population perfect structure as a basis for development of large-scale selection programs at the level of population and regions, breeding plans for breeding farms with the aim to produce cost-effective breeding and dairy products.