Abstract
The goal is to consider the problems of institutional and organizational-economic mechanisms for the effective use of lands near the village on the basis of assessment of the existing load of livestock in personal subsidiary plots and the system of its maintenance in various natural and agriultural zones. Objectives – to analyze pasture use in rural settlements and to present the standards for maximum permissible load of grazing of farm animals on the area of pastures in different climatic zones. Results – regions with a shortage of near-aul lands for livestock, high concentration of the rural population, a discrepancy between the livestock number and the level of pasture provi-sion were identified. Areas with a low load of animals on pastures are identified. The ratio of the standards of demand and supply in forage for natural and agricultural zones and animal species is shown. The formula for determining the optimal number of livestock that can be grazed around a settlement, taking into account the feed stock and pasture capacity, is presented. Schemes of pasture rotation are presented and recommendations for their use are developed to preserve the productivity of natural forage areas of zonal types of near-aul pasture lands and to radically improve on the basis of natural economic zoning of the republic. The analysis of the degree of watering of near-village pastures by region is given. Costs per head unit for transition and long-term periods have been calculated. Conclusions – costs for the near future are based on the existing cost structure by item with some amendments. Purchased feed for all types of animals prevails in the cost structure. The degree of maintenance of rangelands in non-State agricultural enterprises within the boundaries of land use, where there is a reserve potential of unused forage lands, has been determined.
Highlights
Much attention tion of these problems is provided by various has been paid to the state and use of land in methods in using direction: economic-statisthe rural territories in the world practice
The experience of most to identify the specific features of the use of countries indicates a reduction in the degradapastures near rural area, the transition to a tion of desert pastures, using the following system of year-round and measures: drawing up a map of pastures of the distant cattle breeding priority placement of dairy herd heavily degraded pastures, conduct of animals on pastures near the countryside
39.4 million conditional heads of sheep liveeconomy, which has led to a reduction in the stock from the private subsidiary farms of the number of livestock in this sector and an inrural population
Summary
Much attention tion of these problems is provided by various has been paid to the state and use of land in methods in using direction: economic-statisthe rural territories in the world practice. (gross domestic production), and 30% of all tages of natural pasturelands, the level of their exports [1,2,3]. In developing countries, it is watering, and the dynamics of livestock mainly determined by food needs as well as maintenance. Within the households with a large number of livestock, framework of this law, pasture have been esthe presence and use of irrigation facilities
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