Organizational and Agent-based Automated Negotiation Model for Carpooling

Abstract

In the carpooling, individuals need to communicate, negotiate and in most cases adapt their daily schedule to enable cooperation. Through negotiation, agents (individuals) can reach complex agreements in an iterative way which meet the criteria for successful negotiation. The result of the negotiation depends on “negotiation mechanism” used to match and on the behavior of the agents involved in the negotiation process. This paper presents an organizational and agent-based model for commuting by candidate carpoolers using a simple negotiation mechanism aimed at finding an acceptable agreement between agents to carpool. Initially, the agents involved in exploration process, search for their partners via some kind of Agent Communication Language (ACL); after finding potential partners, they start a negotiation to find matched partner to carpool. After having found a good match, the agents can carpool for a specified time period. The agents join the carpool group when the negotiation is successful and leave the carpool group when the agreed time period is expired. Agents can be part of several carpool groups sequentially. The first implementation used home and work locations as well as preferred trip start times and carpool periods determined by uniformly sampling given sets. Furthermore a simplistic negotiation mechanism used roughly to produce possible results for the synthetic data. An automated negotiation model is implemented and validated through simulation. The Janus multi-agent platform is used. Future research will mainly focus on the development of behaviorally sound negotiation mechanism.