Abstract

In the opening years of the 18th century, Englishmen stood on the verge of the greatest change to society the modern world has known. Already the foundations of the Industrial Revolution had been laid, the earliest “manufacturies” had been established, the harnessing of water power to machines was much improved and the first practical steam engine had been invented by Savery & Newcomen. Science and scientific knowledge, following the great traditions of English scientific thought, was flowering; the enclosures were making available the manpower to fodder the revolution and, above all, the great markets of the Americas and the Far East were opening to English manufactured goods. The stage was set for the development of the organisations which were to change the face of Britain and eventually the world.

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