Abstract

Organic waste composting is another excellent example to demonstrate the power and the benefits of nexus thinking. Even though organic waste composting itself is not a new topic, those who want to start a new project or align an ongoing project with nexus thinking, find it difficult to gather the necessary information. With nine case studies from four continents, this book aims to fill above gap in literature. While current literature on composting is often found to be limited to either soil/agriculture sector or waste management sector, this book presents a combined point of view. This open access book starts with an introductory chapter that describes the need to bring the waste management aspects and soil nutrient management aspects of compost production into one integrated theme. The relevance of nexus thinking and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are also presented in this introduction. The first three chapters after the introduction covers composting from the solid waste management and its policy aspects, taking examples from three developing countries. The next three examples are mostly about the benefits composting can provide to the soil and agriculture. These examples are also from three developing countries, but with a mixture of urban as well as rural settings. Last three chapters present more insight into the latest developments taking examples from Europe, as well as new methods adapted from the traditional styles from Africa.

Highlights

  • Organic waste is known for posing a wide range of environmental challenges such as leachate production, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, offensive odours, and soil/water contamination, when they are disposed in landfills or especially uncontrolled dump sites (Hettiarachchi et al 2018a)

  • The risks and limitations associated with the composting process and the quality of the end product are highly influenced by the scale of operation and the nature of raw materials used

  • Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a raw material with good potential for use in compost production, but there are a number of challenges to be addressed to overcome the negative impact on the environment and public health

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Summary

Introduction

Organic waste is known for posing a wide range of environmental challenges such as leachate production, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, offensive odours, and soil/water contamination, when they are disposed in landfills or especially uncontrolled dump sites (Hettiarachchi et al 2018a). The same can be put to good use by society, if managed properly using sustainable recovery alternatives such as composting, anaerobic digestion, and thermal treatment Such techniques can help us significantly reduce the organic waste that goes for final disposal in landfills and dump sites (Pace et al 2018). Municipal solid waste (MSW) produced in low- and middle-income countries usually has a much higher organic fraction compared to the same volume in high-­ income countries (Kaza et al 2018). This is true for the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region where 52% of the MSW produced is organic. Pathogens cannot be eliminated completely via composting, the presence of pathogens in compost is lower than in livestock manures (Wéry 2014)

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