Abstract
A Lewis acid−surfactant-combined catalyst (LASC) has been developed and applied to Lewis acid-catalyzed organic reactions in water. LASCs are composed of water-stable Lewis acidic cations such as scandium and anionic surfactants such as dodecyl sulfate and dodecanesulfonate and are easily prepared. These catalysts have been successfully used for various typical carbon−carbon bond-forming reactions such as aldol, allylation, and Mannich-type reactions in water. Furthermore, the results of aldol reactions in various solvents show that water is the best solvent for the LASC-catalyzed reactions. A preliminary kinetic study of the aldol reaction showed that the initial rate in water was 1.3 × 102 times higher than that in dichloromethane. In the workup procedure, it was demonstrated that centrifugation of the reaction mixture led to phase separation without addition of any organic solvents. The LASCs was found to form stable colloidal dispersions rapidly in the presence of reaction substrates in water, even wh...
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