Organic salt-derived phosphorus-doped mesoporous carbon for high performance supercapacitors

Abstract

Phosphorus-doped mesoporous carbons (PMCs) were prepared using a self-doping and self-templating approach via direct pyrolysis of sodium phytate (C6H17NaO24P6). The one-pot method allows simultaneous carbonization and P doping, eliminating the need for pre-synthesis or post-activation treatment. The C6H17NaO24P6 is the source of both carbon and phosphorus, and the nano-Na4P2O7 particles produced during pyrolysis act as hard templates for the honeycomb mesoporous structure with high specific surface area (884–827 m2/g), large mesopore volume ratio (67%–75%) and rich phosphorus content (0.53–2.34 at%). As electrodes of supercapacitors in 6 mol/L KOH, the PMCs showed outstanding performance with a high capacitance of 202 F/g and excellent rate performance of 148 F/g at 30 A/g. In addition, the PMCs-based symmetrical supercapacitors can operate in an expanded working voltage of 0–1.6 V in 3 mol/L H2SO4 aqueous electrolytes with high-density energy of 11.8 Wh/kg.