Organic pollutants (PCBs, PCDD/Fs, PAHs) and toxic metals in farmed mussels from the Gulf of Naples (Italy): Monitoring and human exposure

Abstract

In this study, we analyzed contaminant levels in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) farmed into the waters of the Gulf of Naples and Domitio littoral (Italy), areas heavily influenced by human activities, especially the highly productive zones such as the harbor area. This marine environment is known to be polluted by a mixture of inorganic and organic contaminants: heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury), persistent organic pollutants (PCB and dioxins) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).In order to protect the health of consumers, mollusks farmed in the Gulf of Naples were analyzed to verify the presence of these contaminants. For the monitoring program, the mussels were repeatedly sampled during a period of four years (2016–2019).The results demonstrate the substantial food safety of the mussel farmed in this area with regard to heavy metals and organochlorinated persistent pollutants. The presence of PAHs linked to seasonal phenomena and due to the contamination of marine sediments remains a critical factor.