Abstract
A suite of real-time instruments was used to sample vehicle emissions at the California Air Resources Board Haagen-Smit facility. Eight on-road, spark-ignition gasoline and three alternative vehicles were tested on a chassis dynamometer and the emissions were diluted to atmospherically relevant concentrations (0.5–30 μg/m3). An Aerodyne high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-MS) characterized the real-time behavior of the nonrefractory organic and inorganic particulate matter (PM) in vehicle emissions. It was found that the emission of particulate organic matter (POM) was strongly affected by engine temperature and engine load and that the emission concentrations could vary significantly by vehicle. Despite the small sample size, consistent trends in chemical characteristics were observed. The composition of vehicle POM was found to be related to overall PM mass concentration where the oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratio tended to increase at lower concentration and had an average value...
Highlights
The transportation sector continues to be an important source of anthropogenic primary organic aerosol (POA) and negatively impacts urban air quality and human health
The concentration of particulate organic matter (POM) emitted during the cold start phase comprises between 30% and 87% of the total POM mass emitted during the entire Unified Cycle (UC) test
A comprehensive vehicle emissions experiment has been carried out using various on-road low-emission vehicles running on a chassis dynamometer
Summary
The transportation sector continues to be an important source of anthropogenic primary organic aerosol (POA) and negatively impacts urban air quality and human health. OOA has a high O/C, correlates well with secondary species such as NO3¡, SO42¡ and Ox (DO3 C NO2) and is generally understood to be a proxy for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (Zhang et al 2005; Herndon et al 2008; Zhang et al 2011). Each of these factors can be further subdivided into more factors specific to sources in the case of primary emissions or to different degrees of oxidation in the case of the SOA related factors
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