Abstract
We demonstrate enhanced organic photovoltaic cell (OPV) efficiency through the use of continuously graded donor-acceptor (D-A) heterojunctions. Device performance is a strong function of both D-A grading and overall composition ratio. The use of a tunable gradient permits an increase in the D-A interface area for high-exciton diffusion efficiency relative to a planar heterojunction, while also improving the charge collection efficiency relative to a uniform mixture. Using the archetypical D-A pair of copper phthalocyanine and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sub> , a power conversion efficiency of η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</sub> = (2.1 ± 0.1)% is realized under 100 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> simulated AM1.5G solar illumination for a graded heterojunction. This represents an improvement in η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</sub> of ~60% relative to a planar heterojunction OPV and ~20% compared to a uniformly mixed heterojunction OPV.
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