Organic Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for Selective Switching ON and OFF of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive cancer treatment. For target-specific PDT, targeting “overexpression” of some specific cellular markers will be highly beneficial. As CuII content is higher in cancer cells than in normal cells, selective binding with CuII can be the most effective mode for intracellular heterogeneity-responsive targeted PDT. Thus, a photosensitizer showing competent PDT activity only after CuII chelation is important for tumor-targeted PDT. Herein, we report a new ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor based on anthracene-N-phenylethylenediamine nanoparticles (ANT-pen NPs), which showed fluorescence color change from green to red upon CuII chelation. Only the CuII-bound state showed selective PDT activity; hence, this color change was used for real-time monitoring of targeted PDT. Cellular images in cancerous HeLa and non-cancerous NIH 3T3 cell lines showed the change in fluorescence of ANT-pen NPs on selective binding with CuII in HeLa cells only. MTT assay in both cells suggested massive cell destruction by ANT-pen-CuII NPs only in HeLa cells upon visible light exposure, whereas NPs remained non-toxic to NIH 3T3 cells.