Abstract
Here we overview the recent advances in the fabrication of sustainable composite nanomaterials with decontamination capacity towards inorganic and organic pollutants. In this regards, we present the development of hybrid systems based on clay nanoparticles with different shapes (such as kaolinite nanosheets and halloysite nanotubes) and organic molecules (biopolymers, surfactants, cucurbituril) as efficient removal agents for both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Due to their high specific surface area, clay nanoparticles have been successfully employed as fillers for composite membranes with excellent filtration capacity. The preparation of composite gel beads based on biopolymers (alginate and pectin) and halloysite nanotubes has been discussed and their adsorption capacities towards both heavy metals and organic dyes have been highlighted. We describe the successful preparation of kaolinite/graphene composites as well as tubular inorganic micelles obtained by the select functionalization of the halloysite cavity with anionic surfactants. Finally, recent research on Pickering emulsions (for oil spill remediation) and bioremediation technologies has been discussed.
Highlights
Nowadays, environmental pollution is one of the biggest world problems
The increase of cadmium concentration to 10 mg lÀ1 led to a decrease in optical density values for L. plantarum 8PA3, L. plantarum j-578, and L. fermentum 3–2, occurring in its stationary phase, as well as to complete growth inhibition in L. brevis 20054, L. buchneri 20057 and L. rhamnosus I2L
The following strains proved to be the most susceptible to heavy metals: L. brevis 20054, L. buchneri 20057 and L. rhamnosus I2L, because they showed a signi cant decrease in growth when cadmium was added at a concentration from 10 mg lÀ1 to 50 mg lÀ1, whereas L. fermentum and L. plantarum strains continued to grow at these concentrations
Summary
Environmental pollution is one of the biggest world problems. Contaminants have been present in the environment since time immemorial: including elements of volcanic dust, comets and cosmic dust, which account for about 100 tons of organic dust per day.[1]. The achievements of nanotechnology can be used for bioremediation, directly or indirectly, for the treatment of surface water, groundwater and wastewater polluted with toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic solutes and microorganisms. Due to their unique activity, nano-sized particles increase the efficiency of absorption of pollutants and are relatively inexpensive compared to traditional sedimentation and ltration methods
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