Organic Molecular Marker from Regional Biomass Burning—Direct Application to Source Apportionment Model

Myoungki Song,Kwangyul Lee,Seungshik Park,Minhan Park,Chaehyeong Park,Wunseon Choi,Min-Suk Bae,Kihong Park

doi:10.3390/app10134449

Abstract

To reduce fine particulate matter (PM2.5) level, the sources of PM2.5 in terms of the composition thereof needs to be identified. In this study, the experimental burning of ten types of biomass that are typically used in Republic of Korea, collected at the regional area were to investigate the indicated organic speciation and the results obtained therefrom were applied to the chemical mass balance (CMB) model for the study area. As a result, the organic molecular markers for the biomass burning were identified as they were varying according to chemical speciation of woods and herbaceous plants and depending upon the hard- and soft characteristics of specimens. Based on the source profile from biomass burning, major sources of PM2.5 in the study area of the present study appeared as sources of biomass burning, the secondary ions, secondary particulate matters, which is including long-distance transport, wherein the three sources occupied most over 84% of entire PM2.5. In regard to the subject area distinguished into residential area and on roads, the portion of the biomass burning appeared higher in residential area than on roads, whereas the generation from vehicles of gasoline engine and burning of meats in restaurants, etc. appeared higher on roads comparing to the residential area.

Highlights

One of the health risk factors, air pollution, has brought about approximately 3.7 million premature deaths in 2012, and is estimated to be affecting mostly on the mortality due to environmental effects by 2050 [1,2]
The burning materials appeared according to characteristics thereof; approximately 48%, 7% and 6% of chemical components that consist of PM2.5 appeared as organic carbon (OC), ionic compounds and elemental carbon (EC), respectively
The result suggests that chemical profiles of organic molecular markers are needed according to respective crops to be cultivated and agricultural characteristics in countries to determine the organic molecular markers corresponding to biomass burning

Summary

Introduction

One of the health risk factors, air pollution, has brought about approximately 3.7 million premature deaths in 2012, and is estimated to be affecting mostly on the mortality due to environmental effects by 2050 [1,2]. PM2.5 penetrates the gas exchange region of the lungs and enters the circulatory system via passing through the respiratory barrier thereby spreads over the human body [4,5,6]. Organization recommend the employment of PM2.5 instead of PM10 as an indicator identifying air pollution; the public interest in the risk of PM2.5 was increasing thereby [1]. To reduce the amount of PM2.5 , the sources of PM2.5 in terms of the composition thereof needs to be identified. Depending on the sources of PM2.5 , the attribute of PM2.5 can be distinguished into the

Methods

Results

Conclusion