Abstract
O estudo foi realizado entre julho de 2014 e maio de 2016, em 21 propriedades hortícolas do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram coletadas duas amostras de vegetais folhosos e uma amostra de água de irrigação por propriedade. As amostras de água foram analisadas pela técnica do substrato cromogênico para avaliar a contaminação por coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, e os vegetais foram avaliados pelas técnicas de Willis (1921), Hoffman et al. (1934), Faust et al. (1939) e quanto à contaminação por parasitas. Observou-se presença de E. coli em 80,95% (17/21) das amostras de água; com relação aos vegetais, 19 (45,23%) continham pelo menos uma espécie de parasita, tais como: ancilostomatídeos, Chilomatix spp., Dipillidium spp., Entamoeba spp., Strongyloides spp., Trichuris spp., larva de vida livre, larva de nematódeo, oocisto não-esporulado. Houve associação estatística entre o destino do esgoto (fossa seca) e a positividade aos parasitas. Os dados mostram contaminação fecal em número significativo de amostras e confirmam a necessidade de maiores exigências sanitárias durante o cultivo de hortaliças folhosas, que, na maioria das vezes, são consumidas cruas.
Highlights
Material and MethodsOrganic products have been preferred by consumers because they are associated with a production system that avoids or excludes the use of industrialized chemicals such as synthetic fertilizers, growth regulators and pesticides or agrochemicals (SANTANA et al, 2006; ABREU et al, 2016)
The presence of E. coli was observed in 17 (80.95%) of the analyzed water samples, of which three (17.65%) levels higher allowed by CONAMA (National Environment Council) (CONAMA, 2005)
It is known that the contamination of vegetables by pathogenic microorganisms is directly related to the quality of irrigation water (SCHERER et al, 2016), so it is imperative that this type of water be of high quality, passing through prior treatment, when necessary
Summary
Material and MethodsOrganic products have been preferred by consumers because they are associated with a production system that avoids or excludes the use of industrialized chemicals such as synthetic fertilizers, growth regulators and pesticides or agrochemicals (SANTANA et al, 2006; ABREU et al, 2016). There is growing concern about the risk of infection by enteroparasites, since many raw vegetables are served for human consumption, thereby contributing to the oral transmission of these parasites (ESTEVES; FIGUEIRÔA, 2012). Endoparasites are cosmopolitan and endemic in third-world countries and represent an important problem in public health. They are acquired by ingestion of infective forms contained in contaminated food or water (CACCIÒ et al, 2018). Vegetables can serve as a transmission via (VOLLKOPF et al, 2006; FERREIRA et al, 2018). The cultivation conditions, including quality of irrigation water, the type of fertilizer used, the storage conditions, transport and handling of the crop by the producer are directly related to this contamination (PACHECO et al, 2003)
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