Abstract
The Zagros of SW Iran and its continuation into N Iraq forms the tectonised NE margin of the Middle East basin. Sedimentation in the Zagros began in the late Precambrian and continued with comparatively few interruptions until the Pliocene, when strong earth movements affected the area and gave rise to the present day large. elongated NW‐SE trending structures. Some of the world's largest structurally‐controlled oil fields are located in the Zagros. The most productive pay zone is the Oligo‐Miocene Asmari Formation, although significant oil pools are present also in the Cenomanian‐Turonian Sarvak limestone and in the Neocomian‐Jurassic Khami Group carbonates. Recently, large gas deposits have been discovered in the Permo‐Triassic carbonates assigned to the Deh Ram Group. Geochemical studies were carried out five potential source beds of Eocene‐Palaeocene (Pabdeh Formation). Coniacian‐Neocomian (Garau Formation) and Silurian (Ghakum Formation) age. The results showed that the organic matter in these formations is almost exclusively of marine algal origin, and that the Kazhdumi is the major source of the hydrocarbons in the Asmari and Sarvak reservoirs. The origin of the hydrocarbons in the Khami and Deh Ram reservoirs is at present speculative.
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