Organic geochemical studies of soils from the Rothamsted Classical Experiments—IV. Preliminary results from a study of the effect of soil pH on organic matter decay

Abstract

Total lipid extracts and solvent insoluble organic matter in soils from the Park Grass Experiment at Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, U.K. were studied to determine the effect of pH on the preservation/degradation of plant derived biomolecules. Analyses involved high temperature-gas chromatography (HT-GC), HT-GC–mass spectrometry (HT-GC–MS), GC combustion–isotope ratio MS (GCC–IRMS) and flash pyrolysis–GC (Py–GC) and Py–GC–MS. The plots selected for study have pH values ranging from 3.7 to 7.3, with acidic soils exhibiting two distinct horizons (i.e. humic rich top layer and mineral soil). The total lipid extracts of the soil samples with low pH exhibited higher relative abundances of long-chain (>C 20) organic acids believed to be derived largely from oxidation of plant lipids. The vegetation signature in the low molecular weight fraction is only retained in the humic rich top layer. The signal in the mineral layer is believed to derive primarily from previous vegetation. Compound specific stable carbon isotope ( δ 13C) measurements of long-chain n-alkanols are considered to reflect differences in the rate of incorporation of plant lipids into the humic top layer related to the grass species dominating the standing vegetation. In the soil samples of low pH, lignin contributes to the high molecular weight fraction of the humic layer. In contrast, the mineral layer of the same soil shows little evidence of intact lignin, but is instead dominated by amino acid pyrolysis products, probably deriving from (degraded) polypeptides. The pyrolysates of the mineral soils of high pH yield a distribution of products similar to that found in the deeper layer of the low pH samples but with evidence of lignin derived moieties. Overall, soil pH was found to have a significant effect on the preservation of higher plant derived biomolecules including ligno-cellulose.