ORGANIC FARMING: A WAY FORWARD FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The era of the Green Revolution brought about significant changes in agricultural practices, aiming to increase productivity and address food shortages. However, the heavy reliance on synthetic inputs led to environmental degradation and concerns about human health. This prompted the rise of organic farming, which emphasizes natural and sustainable practices, avoiding synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, GMOs, antibiotics, and growth hormones. Biofertilizers and biodynamic play essential roles in organic farming, promoting soil health, plant growth, and disease suppression. EM technology harnesses beneficial microorganisms to enhance soil fertility and reduce reliance on synthetic inputs. Indigenous practices of organic farming incorporate traditional knowledge, emphasizing sustainable soil fertility management, crop rotation, intercropping, and the preservation of traditional seeds. Certification of organic products involves adhering to strict standards and regulations, including organic farming practices, record-keeping, prohibited substance avoidance, buffer zone establishment, inspections, and compliance with labelling and packaging requirements. These constraints aim to maintain the authenticity and integrity of organic labelling, providing accurate information to consumers. In the context of exporting organic products, they can be categorized into organic food products, organic textiles and fibers, and organic cosmetics and personal care products. Exporters must comply with organic standards and regulations, obtain certifications, and work closely with relevant agencies and certification bodies to ensure compliance and facilitate market access. The demand for organic products in international markets is driven by health and environmental concerns, leading to increased export opportunities. IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements) is a global organization representing the organic agriculture movement. It works to promote and support organic farming and the organic food industry worldwide. It collaborates with governments and international organizations to establish organic standards and regulations, while also increasing consumer awareness through education and outreach programs. By facilitating international cooperation and knowledge- sharing, also contributes to the growth of the organic movement. In the context of post-harvest management, proper handling, storage, cleaning, sanitation, packaging, and transportation are crucial for maintaining the quality and organic integrity of organic produce. Effective post-harvest practices ensure the preservation of organic products and meet consumer expectations. These practices offer valuable insights into maintaining soil health, promoting biodiversity, and fostering a holistic connection between farmers, land, and communities.