Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil use and management on organic carbon stocks in the interrows of Vitis vinifera with different years of cultivation. A vineyard located in Rio Grande do Sul state, with 4, 9 and 16 years of management, was evaluated. Soil samples from different layers, 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30, 0.30-0.40, 0.40-0.50 and 0.50-0.60 m, were collected on wheel tracks, between wheel tracks and under the planting rows. As a reference, samples were collected in native grassland of the region. Organic matter content, bulk density and soil porosity were evaluated. Carbon stock was determined according to the correction of the sampled thickness. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level. Soil management caused alterations in its structure and organic matter content, observed mainly in the first 30 cm, regardless of the area studied. Highest values of bulk density were observed on the tractor wheel tracks, followed by under the planting row and between wheel tracks. Alteration in soil cover for vineyard planting led to a reduction in the carbon stock, compared to the native grassland. The area under management for 4 years showed higher carbon stocks between the wheel tracks, whereas the areas under 9 and 16 years of management showed highest values in the wheel tracks.
Highlights
Agricultural production has led to changes in soil quality, and soil structure is the factor directly related to such changes
In view of the above, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of use and management on organic carbon stocks in interrows of Vitis vinifera with different years of cultivation
The values of Mi in the area with 9 years of cultivation were higher at the positions between wheel tracks (BWT) and CPL, from 40 cm, whereas the area with 16 years of cultivation did not show significant statistical difference
Summary
Agricultural production has led to changes in soil quality, and soil structure is the factor directly related to such changes. According to Diekow et al (2005) and Novais et al (2007), the type of management adopted is a decisive condition in the alteration of soil carbon stocks and may result in the increase of these stocks in cultivated areas to values higher than those found in the same soil under native vegetation. Deforestation and vegetation burning, associated with the conventional soil tillage, with intense utilization of agricultural machinery, compromise soil properties and notably contribute to climate changes (Bernoux et al, 2005; Rangel & Silva, 2007). Bayer and Mielniczuk (2008) consider that the following elements are among the abiotic factors are related to retention and/or accumulation of C in the soil: chemical management, climate, soil mechanics and soil capacity to protect organic matter (OM). Preservation and/or supply of plant material on soil surface, as well as the reduction in its turning, are strategies used to increase carbon storage in the soil, improving its quality, in addition to benefiting the environmental quality (Viana et al, 2016)
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