Abstract
Deteriorating soil fertility and gradually decreasing rice productivity along with higher greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields have emerged as serious threats to the sustainability of rice production and food security. Rice production in the subtropical environment in Bangladesh is mostly dependent on synthetic inorganic fertilizer to maintain productivity; however, the inorganic fertilizer has negative effects on global warming. Climate-smart and resilient agricultural production systems are major concerns nowadays to meet sustainable development goals. The study was conducted to evaluate the optimum rate and source of organic amendments on rice productivity and soil fertility along with CH4 emission. A total of nine nutrient combinations were used in the study. The CH4 emission, soil redox potential (Eh), soil pH, soil nitrogen and organic carbon, available phosphorus, rice grain and straw were greatly affected by the application of different rates and sources of the nutrient. However, the soil exchangeable K content, plant height, and harvest index were not affected. Among the treatments, the application of 75% recommended fertilizer (RF) + biosolid 2 t ha−1 (T3) was the most effective and showed the superior performance in terms of available P (12.90 ppm), the number of grains panicle−1 (121), and 1000-grain weight (24.6g), rice grain, and straw yield along with the moderate CH4 emission (18.25 mg m−2h−1). On the other hand, the lowest soil Eh (−158 mV) and soil pH (6.65) were measured from the treatment T3. The finding of this study revealed that the application of 75% of RF + biosolid 2 t ha−1 can be recommended as the preferable soil amendment for boosting rice yield, reduce CH4 emissions, and sustainably maintain soil fertility. Furthermore, this finding may help to introduce preferable soil amendment doses, which will contribute to boosting rice productivity and economic turnouts of the farmers.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second most important staple food after maize as it fulfills the dietary requirement of over half of the human population and considers as the major food crop of economic significance in Asia [1,2,3]
At 28 days after transplanting (DAT), the highest pH content (6.55) of soil was recorded from 25% recommended fertilizer (RF) + biosolid 6 t ha−1, and the treatment biosolid 8 t ha−1 + farmyard manure (FYM)
At 60 DAT, 75% RF + biosolid 2 t ha−1 remained effective in lowering pH value, while 25% RF + biosolid 6 t ha−1 obtained the
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second most important staple food after maize as it fulfills the dietary requirement of over half of the human population and considers as the major food crop of economic significance in Asia [1,2,3]. Organic matter is called the heart of soil and amendments of soil; by applying organic matter solely or in combination with inorganic fertilizers can be a biologically and economically viable approach to maximize rice yield sustainably along with a significant reduction in methane emission from rice fields [7,8]. The reduction of CH4 emissions from paddy fields without adversely affecting crop production is direly needed to curb environmental pollution through reduced use of chemical fertilizers. The rice straw compost or farmyard manure (FYM)was reported effective in minimizing CH4 emissions from the rice field, with the co-benefits of increased soil fertility and crop productivity [15]. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different rates of NPK (inorganic) fertilizer along with the single or combined application of biosolids and FYM concerning soil fertility, rice productivity, and CH4 emission from the transplanted aman rice field
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