Abstract
Aims: To investigate the distribution and toxicity of ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs) injected intravenously in mice. Methods: We synthesized RuNPs, followed their biodistribution by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging and evaluated organtoxicity by histopathology and gene expression. Results: RuNPs accumulated, mainly in liver and spleen, where they were phagocyted by tissue macrophages, giving a transient inflammation and oxidative stress response that declined after 2weeks. RuNPs gradually accumulated in theskin, whichwas confirmed by microscopic examination of skin biopsies. Conclusion: RuNP toxicity in recipient organs is transient. Particles are at least partially excreted by the skin, supporting a role for the skin as a nanoparticleclearing organ.
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