Abstract
Phenolic compounds are proving to be increasingly important for human health and in crop development, defense and adaptation. In spite of the economical importance of Brassica crops in agriculture, the mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds presents in these species remain unknown. The genetic and metabolic basis of phenolics accumulation was dissected through analysis of total phenolics concentration and its individual components in leaves, flower buds, and seeds of a double haploid (DH) mapping population of Brassica oleracea. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) that had an effect on phenolics concentration in each organ were integrated, resulting in 33 consensus QTLs controlling phenolics traits. Most of the studied compounds had organ-specific genomic regulation. Moreover, this information allowed us to propose candidate genes and to predict the function of genes underlying the QTL. A number of previously unknown potential regulatory regions involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism were identified and this study illustrates how plant ontogeny can affect a biochemical pathway.
Highlights
A wide range of secondary metabolites that are synthesized by plants are not required in the primary processes of growth and development but are of vital importance for plant interaction with the environment, for their defense mechanism and for their reproductive strategy (Cheynier et al, 2013)
Research in Arabidopsis has shown that the pathway starts with the conversion of phenylalanine into cinnamic acid by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)
The flavonoids were identified as Oglycosides containing a substituent at 3− and/or 7− positions of quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin and/or in conjugation with different hydroxycinnamic acids
Summary
A wide range of secondary metabolites that are synthesized by plants are not required in the primary processes of growth and development but are of vital importance for plant interaction with the environment, for their defense mechanism and for their reproductive strategy (Cheynier et al, 2013). Phenolic compounds are the most widely distributed secondary metabolites, ubiquitously present in the plant kingdom. They are synthesized from phenylalaline via the shikimate/phenylpropanoid pathway (Figure 1). Research in Arabidopsis has shown that the pathway starts with the conversion of phenylalanine into cinnamic acid by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). The 4-coumarate:CoA ligase enzyme (4CL) converts p-coumaric acid into p-coumaroyl CoA by addiction of a CoA thioester, which is the precursor of variuos phenylpropanoid derivatives, including flavonoids, lignins, and isoflavonoids (Fraser and Chapple, 2011).
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