Abstract
When sound reaches the external ear, it sets into motion the tympanic membrane with its attached chain of ossicles. The last bone in this chain is applied to the oval window of the cochlea, a fluid-filled spiral structure containing the receptor elements—the organ of Corti. Pressure waves, which are set up in the cochlea spiral by movements at the oval window, cause corresponding movements of the basilar membrane on which the organ of Corti is situated. Upward and downward movements of the basilar membrane stimulate the hair cells of the sensory epithehum, thus exciting the terminals of the auditory nerve fibers. In this way sound waves in the air are converted into pressure waves in fluid.
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