Organ Culture of Chicken Bursa as a Model to Study the Pathogenicity of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Isolates

Abstract

In vitro study with chicken bursal organ culture was attempted to assess the pathogenicity of locally isolated infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) initially isolated from the bursa of naturally infected birds. In bursal organ culture, lymphoblastic transformation was noticed as early as 24 hr postinoculation and reached maximum at 72 hr postinoculation. The other microscopic changes were increased number of macrophages and formation of plasma cells. The IBDV antigen was detected 24 hr onward by coagglutination test with antibody coated Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I. On the basis of lesion score, the three isolates of IBDV (A, B, and C) were graded as virulent (B isolate) and moderately virulent (A and C isolates). A similar pattern of pathogenicity was also observed in the in vivo pathogenicity studies in chicken based on bursa: body weight ratio and histopathologic lesion score. The bursal organ culture thus provides a useful experimental model to differentiate the IBDV isolates on the basis of their virulence.