ORDINARY CHERNOZEM BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY UNDER SPRING WHEAT CULTIVATION

Abstract

The purpose of research is monitoring the status of soil fertility and biological activity of soils. Studies of biological activity of the soil was carried out in crops of spring wheat experimental field of the Department of «Agriculture, soil science, Agrochemistry and land cadastre» in the period 2011-2013. Three variants of main soil tillage in crop rotations were studied with clean and steam green manure: plowing on 20-22 cm; tillage at 10-12 cm; without autumn machining. Isolation and counting of microorganisms in soil was carried out by culture of the soil mash of sterile solid nutrient medium in three terms according to method I. Sеga. The breath of the soil in field was determined by the method of V. I. Statnov in two terms. The activity of enzymes peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase was determined by the method of A. S. Galstyan, A. I. Chuunderova. The influence of soil microorganisms for the maintenance and reproduction of soil fertility in the development of new technologies in agriculture was studied. Data of primary tillage influence for the number of soil microorganisms different groups (micromycetes, bacteria, actinomycetes), the process of respiration intensity and carbon dioxide release from the plow layer of the soil and the rate of change of its enzymatic activity; defined the conditional coefficient of humification. The increase in the number of soil microorganisms in crops of spring wheat depends on the method of tillage and to lesser extent from its predecessors. The study of oxidoreductase class enzymes activity and the calculation of the conditional coefficient of humification allows to judge about the intensity of humus formation and increase of these indices in the variants with the hoeing and plowing.