Abstract
Most disordered thermodynamic systems, in particular, alloy solid solutions, can become unstable at low temperatures. The instabilities are related to a change in sign of the harmonic term in the expansion of the free energy of the system. Harmonic terms also govern the nature of fluctuations above the transition temperature so that pretransitional effects and instabilities are intimately related. However, first order transitions, arising through the operation of higher-order terms in the free energy expansion, and leading to well-defined ordered structures, may partially mask both premonitory effects and instabilities. These ideas will be illustrated by means of cluster variation calculations of ordering spinodals and coherent phase diagrams of systems exhibiting various types of instabilities: (Al-Zn), (Cu-Au), or a combination of these (Cu-Ag-Au ternary), and (prototype for Ni-Mo and Ni-V).
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