Orbital Meningiomas

Abstract

Orbital meningiomas usually invade the orbit as an extension of the sphenoid wing meningiomas, clinoidal meningiomas, cavernous sinus meningiomas and tuberculum sella tumors. They also arise into the orbit originating from the optic sheath or as ectopical lesions. The authors present a review of clinical aspects and surgical treatment of the orbital meningiomas. Material and methods: The authors present a literature review of the anatomical, clinical, and surgical aspects of the orbital meningiomas, add illustrative cases, pointing their principal concerns about the treatment of such tumors. Results: Exophthalmos and unilateral visual loss are the most common features of the orbital meningiomas. There are two important surgical routes to approach such tumors, which are extracranial (transorbital) and transcranial approaches. Recurrence is higher in sphenoorbital meningiomas and related to bone and neurovascular invasion. Conclusions: The anatomical structures involved by orbital meningiomas challenge the microsurgical resection. Total removal should be the goal at the first surgical approach. Orbital reconstruction should be performed in cases where the orbital floor is not preserved or in extensive lateral and roof removal with no preservation of the periorbit.