Abstract
High temperature superconductivity in cuprates is explained in terms of 3d-orbital capture in copper. In elemental Cu 3d-orbital capture abstracts an electron from the 4 s2 valence orbital, and leaves it as 4 s1. This is known since Cu occurs in Group IB of the Periodic Table. This forms an electron vacancy, or hole, in the valence shell. Therefore, the energy of 3d-orbital capture is stronger than the energy of unpairing of a paired-spin 4 s2 orbital. In cuprates 3d-orbital capture abstracts an electron from a Cu-O covalent bond, and leaves a hole in the excited state orbital. By electron-hole migration the excited state orbital leads to a coordinate covalent bond. This leads to superconductivity. The 3d-orbital process accounts for superconductivity and insulator behavior in cuprates. These results lend credence to the statement that 3d-orbital capture in copper is the cause of high temperature superconductivity.
Highlights
High temperature superconductivity (HTS) was discovered in 1986 by Bednorz and Műller [1]
The high Tc values of cuprates are the result of the high concentrations, or population, of the excited state covalent Cu-O orbitals that are formed by electron abstraction via the continuous 3 d-orbital capture process
The Tc values of cuprate HTS materials are affected by many factors
Summary
High temperature superconductivity (HTS) was discovered in 1986 by Bednorz and Műller [1]. The origin of HTS, or why it occurs in cuprates, has not been given. This paper is an elementary verbal explanation of how and why HTS occurs in cuprates. A superconductor exhibits the electrical property of persistent currents [2]. This is the property where an induced electric current formed in a circular superconductor wire continues indefinitely without attenuation They do not physically come in contact with their atomic environment. The coordinate covalent bond (CCB) model discussed is consistent with the property of persistent currents. The EPA species sometimes are diffuse and weak orbital sites
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