Abstract
Our understanding of the role of adipose tissue has been completely changed during the past decades. The knowledge of its contribution to endocrine and immune pathways opened the new insights on the pathogenesis and therapy of many diseases and new perspectives for the regenerative medicine. The further researches should be provided to study anatomy and functions of local fat depots in more details. Of the most interest is the orbital adipose tissue due to its origin from the neural crest. This review represents the current data about anatomy, structure, cell composition and biochemistry of orbital fat. The main attention is put to such cell types as adipocytes and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. The foreign authors' findings on such characteristics of stem cells from orbital adipose tissue as CD markers and differential capacity are reviewed. The found evidences of interaction between orbital adipose tissue, eyeball and associated structures allow us to hypothesize that this fat depot may contribute to various ocular pathology. In this paper, we outlined the possible directions for further investigation and clinical application of orbital fat and cells its composing in ophthalmology, reconstructive and plastic surgery and regenerative medicine.
Highlights
Представление о роли жировой ткани в организме человека за последние десятилетия претерпело значительные изменения
Our understanding of the role of adipose tissue has been completely changed during the past decades
This review represents the current data about anatomy, structure, cell composition and biochemistry of orbital fat
Summary
Наибольший интерес в этом аспекте представляет жировая ткань глазницы, отличающаяся своим нейроэктодермальным происхождением. Данные об особенностях жировой клетчатки глазницы в зависимости от состояния органа зрения и его вспомогательного аппарата позволяют предположить ее участие в формировании разнообразной глазной патологии. (Для цитирования: Борзенок С.А., Афанасьева Д.С., Гущина М.Б. В последние десятилетия изменилось отношение к роли жировой ткани в физиологии и патологии человека. The found evidences of interaction between orbital adipose tissue, eyeball and associated structures allow us to hypothesize that this fat depot may contribute to various ocular pathology. (For citation: Borzenok S.A., Afanasyeva D.S., Gushchina M.B. Orbital Adipose Tissue: Just a Fat Pad or Terra Incognita in Ophthalmology. Целью настоящего обзора было представить читателю обобщенные данные о структуре орбитальной жировой клетчатки и ее роли в физиологии и патологии органа зрения
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