Orange Phosphorescent Organic Light-emitting Diodes Using a Spirobenzofluorene-type Phospine Oxides as Host Materials

Abstract

Spiro-type orange phosphorescent host materials, 9-diphenylphosphine oxide-spiro[fluorene-7,9'-benzofluorene] (OPH-1P) and 5-diphenylphosphine oxide-spiro[fluorene-7,9'-benzofluorene] (OPH-2P) were successfully prepared by a lithiation reaction followed by a phosphination reaction with diphenylphosphinic chloride. The EL characteristics of OPH-1P and OPH-2P as orange host materials doped with iridium(III) bis(2-phenylquinoline)acetylacetonate (<TEX>$Ir(pq)_2acac$</TEX>) were evaluated. The electroluminescence spectra of the ITO (150 nm)/DNTPD (60 nm)/NPB (30 nm)/OPH-1P or OPH-2P: <TEX>$Ir(pq)_2acac$</TEX> (30 nm)/BCP (5 nm)/<TEX>$Alq_3$</TEX> (20 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (200 nm) devices show a narrow emission band with a full width at half maximum of 75 nm and <TEX>$\lambda_{max}$</TEX> = 596 nm. The device obtained from OPH-1P doped with 3% <TEX>$Ir(pq)_2acac$</TEX> showed an orange color purity of (0.580, 0.385) and an efficiency of (14 cd/A at 7.0 V). The ability of the OPH-P series to combine a high triple energy with a low operating voltage is attributed to the inductive effect of the P=O moieties and subsequent energy lowering of the LUMO, resulting in the enhancement of both the electron injection and transport in the device. The overall result is a device with an EQE > 8% at high brightness, but operating voltage of less than 6.4 V, as compared to the literature voltages of ~10 V.