Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and lethal human malignancies worldwide; however, the therapeutic outcomes in the clinic still are unsatisfactory due to the lack of effective and safe therapeutic regimens. Orally administrable and CRC-targetable drug delivery is an attractive approach for CRC therapy as it improves the efficacy by local drug delivery and reduces systemic toxicity. Currently, chemotherapy remains the mainstay modality for CRC therapy; however, most of chemo drugs have low water solubility and are unstable in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), poor intestinal permeability, and are susceptible to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux, resulting in limited therapeutic outcomes. Orally administrable nanoformulations hold the great potential for improving the bioavailability of poorly permeable and poorly soluble therapeutics, but there are still limitations associated with these regimes. This review focuses on the barriers for oral drug delivery and various oral therapeutic nanoparticles for the management of CRC.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer incidence and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with 1.80 million new cases and approximately 900,000 deaths annually (Bray et al, 2018)
Nanotherapeutics has emerged as a suitable alternative for successful treatment of CRC, and various formulations of nanoparticles have been used to design drug delivery systems
The Ussing chamber can be used as a model to study intestinal epithelial absorption of small molecule drugs in vivo
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer incidence and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with 1.80 million new cases and approximately 900,000 deaths annually (Bray et al, 2018). Therapeutic Nanoparticles for CRC (Pavitra et al, 2019). This approach enables higher intratumoral drug delivery and reduced systemic toxicity than free drug dosages (Omar et al, 2007; Pinto, 2010). Previous studies have explored various nanoparticle-based systems, such as liposomes, micelles, polymeric NPs, phytosomes, dendrimers, gold NPs, and magnetic NPs with the aim of improving drug aqueous solubility and achieving disease-specific drug delivery Despite significant advances made in this field, oral drug administration for CRC therapy remains a big challenge. We provide an updated summary and prospects of oral drug delivery systems for treatment of CRC
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