Abstract
BackgroundOral verruciform xanthoma (OVX) is a rare lesion. The purpose of the present study is to describe the clinical features of 13 OVXs and review all cases reported in the English literature.Material and MethodsThirteen cases of OVX diagnosed during a 47-year period were retrospectively collected. The patients’ gender and age, as well as the main clinical features of the lesions were retrieved from the biopsy request forms. Pubmed®, Scopus® and Google ScholarTM electronic databases were searched with the key word “verruciform xanthoma”. Only cases of histologically confirmed OVX were included in the study.ResultsThe 13 OVXs represented approximately 0.04% of 35,617 biopsies accessioned during the study period. They affected 13 patients, 8 males and 5 females with a mean age of 48.8±14 years. They mainly appeared as asymptomatic granular nodules or plaques, with elastic or normal consistency and white color, in the gingiva or hard palate. Literature review yielded 416 cases of OVX. With the addition of cases of the present study, 429 cases of OVX have been presented in the English literature. OVX has a slight male predominance with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1 and the majority of patients are in the 5th to 7th decade of life. Clinically, OVX mainly presents as an asymptomatic, single, papillary or granular plaque or nodule, with elastic or soft consistency and white, red or pink color. It measures approximately 1cm and is most commonly located on the gingiva, tongue, hard palate or buccal mucosa. The treatment of choice is surgical excision with little rates of recurrence.ConclusionsVerruciform xanthoma is a rare lesion most often encountered on the ginigival mucosa. As its clinical presentation is not pathognomonic, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of verrucous or papillary lesions. Key words:Oral verruciform xanthoma, oral tumors.
Highlights
Verrucifrom xanthoma is a rare benign lesion of unknown pathogenesis, first described in the oral cavity by Shafer in 1971 [1]
Oral verruciform xanthoma (OVX) manifests as an asymptomatic, solitary, sharply demarcated and slightly raised plaque usually located on the gingiva, with a papillary, granular or verrucous surface, and red or pink color [4]
We report the clinical features of 13 new cases of OVX and review the pertinent English literature with regard to the clinical and demographic features, etiology, pathogenesis and treatment
Summary
Verrucifrom xanthoma is a rare benign lesion of unknown pathogenesis, first described in the oral cavity by Shafer in 1971 [1]. Oral verruciform xanthoma (OVX) manifests as an asymptomatic, solitary, sharply demarcated and slightly raised plaque usually located on the gingiva, with a papillary, granular or verrucous surface, and red or pink color [4]. It shows a slight male predilection and most patients are in the 5th to 7th decade of life [4]. OVX mainly presents as an asymptomatic, single, papillary or granular plaque or nodule, with elastic or soft consistency and white, red or pink color It measures approximately 1cm and is most commonly located on the gingiva, tongue, hard palate or buccal mucosa. As its clinical presentation is not pathognomonic, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of verrucous or papillary lesions
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