Oral Valgancyclovir Versus Intravenous Gancyclovir for Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Abstract

Background Prophylaxis against cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a regular practice in organ transplantation. Oral valgancyclovir appears to be an interesting alternative to the usual intravenous form. Patients and Methods We prospectively compared the response of intravenous gancyclovir for 2 weeks (GAN; n = 41) to oral valgancyclovir for 2 weeks (VAL2w; n = 23) or 3 months (VAL3m; n = 46) in kidney transplant recipients receiving induction immunosuppression. CMV antigenemia assay and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for viral detection. Patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months posttransplantation. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis using a cutoff of significance as P < .05. Results There was no statistical difference in the demographic features among the study groups. However, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match was better in the VAL3m group and the patients of this group received less ATG induction immunosuppression (41.3%) compared with the GAN group (100%). The incidence of acute rejection was not different among the study groups. There was a higher incidence of fever with positive CMV tests in the VAL2w group ( P = .035) compared with the other groups, while leukopenia with a negative CMV test was significantly higher in the VAL3m group ( P = .04). The incidence of CMV disease was higher in the VAL2w group (30.4%) compared with the GAN group (14.6%) or the VAL3m group (8.7%). Renal function was significantly worse in the VAL2w group at 3 and 6 months ( P = .011 and .02, respectively). Conclusions Three months oral valgancyclovir prophylaxis for CMV was a more effective regimen compared with intravenous gancyclovir for 2 weeks. Shorter courses were associated with a higher incidence of CMV infection and poorer graft function. Leukopenia observed in patients receiving valgancyclovir may be a drug-related side effect.