Oral steroid-sparing effect of two doses of nebulized fluticasone propionate and placebo in patients with severe chronic asthma

Abstract

Inhaled steroids, delivered by metered dose aerosol and dry powder inhalers, have proved effective in reducing the need for oral steroids in patients with oral steroid-dependant asthma. This randomized, double-blind study, compared the efficacy and tolerability of nebulized fluticasone propionate (FP Nebules ™), 2 mg b.d. (FP 4 mg) and 0·5 mg b.d. (FP 1 mg) with placebo, on the reduction of oral steroid requirement in 301 adult patients with oral steroid-dependent asthma. Primary efficacy was assessed by the reduction in daily oral steroid dose. Secondary efficacy parameters included daily diary card peak expiratory flow (PEF), day and night-time symptoms and clinic lung function measurements. Safety was assessed by adverse event monitoring and serum cortisol levels. After 12 weeks of treatment the adjusted mean ± sem reduction in oral prednisolone was significantly greater in the FP 4 mg group (4·44 ± 0·98 mg day −1) compared with FP 1 mg (2·16 ± 1·00 mg day −1, P = 0·039) and placebo (1·20 ± 1·02 mg day −1, P = 0·004). A higher percentage of patients discontinued the use of oral steroids with FP 4 mg (37%) compared with FP 1 mg (26%, P = 0·038) and placebo (18%, P < 0·001). Following treatment, the adjusted mean morning PEF showed a trend in favour of FP 4 mg (280 ± 41 min −1) compared with placebo (270 ± 51 min −1, P = 0·053) and the evening PEF was significantly higher with FP 4 mg (305 ± 41 min −1) compared with FP 1 mg (292 ± 41 min −1, P = 0·010). FP 4 mg resulted in a significantly higher percentage of days when the patients were free from daytime ( P = 0·036) and night-time ( P = 0·021) wheeze, compared with placebo. Significantly fewer patients withdrew from the FP 4 mg group compared with the other two groups ( vs. FP 1 mg, P = 0·003; vs. placebo, P = 0·032). All three treatments were well tolerated and the incidence of adverse events was similar between the groups. FP Nebules at a daily dose of between 1 and 4 mg are a safe and effective means of reducing the oral steroid requirement of patients with chronic oral steroid dependent asthma.