Oral Squamous Papilloma, Multiply Recurrent, in a Patient With Psoriasis Receiving the Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antagonist Adalimumab

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a cytokine secreted by macrophages that regulates various biologic processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. Increased TNFα has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. TNFα antagonists are known to cause reactivation of many bacterial and viral infections. Adalimumab is a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes TNFα activity and induces complement-mediated cell lysis of mononuclear cells expressing TNFα.