Abstract
IntroductionDiabetic neuropathy is a common consequence of diabetes. Hyperalgesia is one of the main symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. In response to noxious stimuli, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats show exaggerated hyperalgesic behavior, while Spirulina platensis has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insulin-like effects. To assess the antinociceptive effect of oral Spirulina platensis (SP) powder on formalin-induced nociceptive responses in STZ-induced diabetic rats.MethodsSixty mature male albino rats were randomly allocated into six equal groups (10 in each group). Group 1 (control non-diabetic group) received 0.9% saline; group 2 was given oral pure SP powder-treated as a non-diabetic control group, group 3 was sodium salicylate-treated rats and used as a positive non-diabetic control group, group 4 managed as vehicle-treated diabetic rats, group 5 considered as SP-treated-diabetic group, and sodium salicylate-treated-diabetic rats used as a diabetic positive control group (group 6). STZ-diabetic rats were orally given SP in a dose of 500 mg kg/day for 1 month. The formalin test was implemented in two phases: the early phase in the first 10-min post-formalin injection, and the late phase was considered in the 15–60 min post-formalin injection time interval.ResultsPain scores were increased in the diabetic groups during both phases of the experiment. Blood glucose was significantly reduced in diabetic rats that received oral SP, P < 0.01. Besides, SP-treated rats had lower pain scores during both phases of the experiment than untreated diabetic ones. However, in the sodium salicylate group, the pain score was reduced only during the second phase. An exaggerated nociceptive response occurred in diabetic rats after the formalin test. A significant antinociceptive effect appeared in SP-treated control and diabetic rats.DiscussionThe findings suggest that oral Spirulina platensis could have a potential therapeutic role for managing induced painful diabetic neuropathy in rats.
Highlights
Diabetic neuropathy is a common consequence of diabetes
We performed all the proce dures, and rats were treated in conformity with and fol lowed the principles on ethical animal research outlined in the ethical guidelines by the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science
Group 1 received 0.9% saline; group 2 was given oral pure Spirulina platensis (SP) powder-treated as the non-diabetic control group, group 3 was sodium salicylatemanaged rats and used as a positive non-diabetic control group, group 4 managed as vehicle-treated diabetic rats, group 5 considered as SP-treated-diabetic group, and sodium salicylate-treated- diabetic animals used as a diabetic posi tive control group
Summary
Diabetes is a common chronic disabling disease resulting in chronic hyperglycemia that produces perturbation of cellular metabolism It disturbs the metabolic path ways, leads to excessive free radical production and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress process occurs when a cellular system fails to get rid of the accumulated oxygen free radicals produced during metabolism These radicals attack and destruct proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, contributing to disturbance of energy metabolism, cell signaling, and transport activities. Jung et al extracted insulin-like protein from SP with the same molecular mass, immunoreactivity, as that of bovine insulin It has been successfully decreased diabetic complications by increasing body weight and markedly reducing high blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic rats.[12] It showed improved glycemic control as consistent with another experimental study.[13]. To evaluate the oral administration of 500 mg/kg SP for 1 month for attenuation of diabetes and antinociceptive effect on pain ful diabetic neuropathic rat model
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
