Abstract
Syphilis is a systemic infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum. This disease is classified into 4 stages of occurrence: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. We report a case of a 25-year-old man, nonalcoholic and nonsmoker, who reported a progressive lesion in gingiva with 1-month duration. The clinical examination revealed an infiltrative ulcer with elevated edges located on the palatal gingiva, causing tooth mobility, with a clinical diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Cervical lymphadenopathy was also observed. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathologic examination showed intense inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of plasma cells. A cocktail of cytokeratins was performed by immunohistochemistry, and the hypothesis of squamous cell carcinoma was excluded. After that, the clinical hypothesis was primary syphilis, with a positive result in Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (dilution 1:1024). The patient was treated with 2 doses of penicillin (1000 mg) weekly. After 1 month, the lesion completely regressed.
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