Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in the past few years, and methylome characterization is likely to become a routine and biologically valid application of many laboratories worldwide. Molecular biomarkers should help to improve personalized medicine, and in the near future could be able to characterize patients for specific therapeutic options. We have discussed the main findings regarding DNA methylation in cancer and non-neoplastic diseases. A growing body of evidence shows that changes in the population’s exposure to diet- and lifestyle-related factors induce epigenetic changes that in turn contribute to diseases. However, the causal relationship is, to date, often uncertain. There is also increasing evidence implicating the epigenome in the development of inflammatory and rheumatic diseases. The hypothesis that methyl donors restore DNA methylation is currently under investigation. Studies gathering genomic, methylomic, transcriptomic (including microRNA and non-coding long RNAs), and proteonomic data on the same samples will emerge in the next few years.
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