Abstract
Background The frequency and distribution of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) may vary among different populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical-pathological characteristics of OPMD diagnosed in a Brazilian oral pathology laboratory over a period of 11 years. Material and Methods All cases diagnosed as leukoplakia, speckled leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and actinic cheilitis from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed. Clinical information was obtained from laboratory forms and histological information was obtained from histological slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results the final sample was comprised of 684 cases, of which 292 were males and 392 were females. The mean age was 58 years. The anatomical site most often involved was the lateral border of the tongue (23%), followed by the lower lip (20%), and by the buccal mucosa/vestibule (18%). Leukoplakia accounted for 82% of the sample (564 cases). The mean size of the leukoplakia and speckled leukoplakia lesions was 13 mm (ranging from 1 to 100 mm) and 15 mm (ranging from 5 to 30 mm), respectively (p=0.460). Males reported smoking and drinking alcohol more frequently than females (p=0.001 and p <0.0001, respectively). In half of the cases, dysplasia was not histologically detected, while slight dysplasia was detected in 28% of the cases. The lesions from patients aged from 41 to 80 years presented moderate and severe dysplasia more often than lesions from patients in other age groups. Conclusions OPMD were more common in females in their sixties. Females were more frequently affected in all anatomical sites, except for the lips. Leukoplakia lesions were the most common OPMD, followed by actinic cheilitis. The lateral border of the tongue was the most affected anatomical site. OPMD located in the floor of the mouth/sublingual mucosa and lesions from older patients presented severe epithelial dysplasia with greater frequency. Key words:Potentially malignant disorders, oral, leukoplakia, speckled leukoplakia, actinic cheilitis, squamous cell carcinoma.
Highlights
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are tissue changes that may precede squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [1,2,3], a malignant neoplasm that accounts for 8090% of all cancers in the oral cavity
Material and Methods Files describing all cases classified as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) from the University of Rio de Janeiro’s Oral Pathology Laboratory from 2005 to 2015 were reviewed for the purposes of this study
OPMD are relatively common, with a worldwide prevalence of 4.4%, while leukoplakia alone has a prevalence of 4.1% [13]
Summary
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are tissue changes that may precede squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [1,2,3], a malignant neoplasm that accounts for 8090% of all cancers in the oral cavity. The most common disorders in this group are leukoplakia, speckled leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and actinic cheilitis [3,4,5,6,7]. Given the low number of epidemiological studies about this topic in the Brazilian population, this study aimed to analyze the clinical-pathological features of OPMD diagnosed in a Brazilian oral pathology center over a period of 11 years. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical-pathological characteristics of OPMD diagnosed in a Brazilian oral pathology laboratory over a period of 11 years. Material and Methods: All cases diagnosed as leukoplakia, speckled leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and actinic cheilitis from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed. Females were more frequently affected in all anatomical sites, except for the lips. Leukoplakia lesions were the most common OPMD, followed by actinic cheilitis. OPMD located in the floor of the mouth/ sublingual mucosa and lesions from older patients presented severe epithelial dysplasia with greater frequency
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