Abstract
<h3>Objectives</h3> Cancer is a world public health problem, and the incidence in children increase is 1% per year. Despite its high efficacy, antineoplastic therapy induces effects of significant toxicity, often causing patient hospitalization, difficulties in continuing oncotherapy or noncontinuation of adequate treatment for nonprogression of the disease. Oral mucositis is one of the most common deleterious effects; it causes pain, affects speech and nutrition, and makes the patient susceptible to septicemia. In children, the frequency of oral mucositis is around 65%, and its manifestations are evaluated with different scales and treated with different protocols. The objective of this work is to verify the state of the art of the assessment of oral mucositis in children undergoing cancer treatment, with regard to the criteria. <h3>Study Design</h3> A systematic review was performed. <h3>Results</h3> Studies have shown that evaluation is essential to establish treatment strategies, whereas the protocols and scales used are inconsistent, and there is no viable and valid system for punctuating childhood mucositis caused by cancer, preventing a more effective therapeutic intervention. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale, created in 2009, has been the scale of greatest acceptability and validity.
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